Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific)

Register      Login

VOLUME 10 , ISSUE 3 ( July-September, 2023 ) > List of Articles

CASE REPORT

Operative Technique: Proximal Femur Allograft Reconstruction and Subtalar Fusion after Total Calcanectomy for a Large Giant Cell Tumor of the Calcaneus

Israel C Manuel, Ilian Dominiq D Eusebio, Emilleo A Dacanay, Bernardino B Alpuerto II

Keywords : Calcanectomy, Case report, Giant cell tumor, Marginal excision, Proximal femur bone allograft, Reconstruction

Citation Information : Manuel IC, Eusebio ID, Dacanay EA, Alpuerto II BB. Operative Technique: Proximal Femur Allograft Reconstruction and Subtalar Fusion after Total Calcanectomy for a Large Giant Cell Tumor of the Calcaneus. J Foot Ankle Surg Asia-Pacific 2023; 10 (3):145-150.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10040-1286

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 07-07-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the feet is rare and occurs in less than 1% of all GCTs of the extremities. Some may have a secondary formation of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Diagnostics may include radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treatment varies depending on its classification. Preferably, limb salvage is the treatment of choice. Presentation of Case: We present a 21-year-old male with a large mass in the right heel with pain and difficulty ambulating. The mass involves clinically the whole of calcaneus and is hard, non-tender, non-erythematous, and non-movable. Radiographs show a well-defined osteolytic lesion with a sclerotic rim and neocorticalization. MRI shows fluid-fluid levels. A core needle biopsy was done revealing GCT with secondary ABC. Neoadjuvant therapy using denosumab was given. The patient underwent a marginal excision via total calcanectomy, with reconstruction and subtalar joint arthrodesis using proximal femur allograft secured with 4mm cancellous screws and Achilles tendon V-Y lengthening and reattachment to the allograft via single row suture anchor fixation. At 5 months follow-up, the patient had an excellent clinical appearance with a fused subtalar joint and stable calcaneocuboid joint. Discussion: Intralesional curettage is still the mainstay of treatment when feasible. However, large aggressive lesions may need marginal or wide excision and reconstruction, and in rare cases maybe amputation. We decided to do salvage surgery for the patient and restore as much function as we can. We used the proximal femur allograft as its size and shape are almost the same as with the contralateral calcaneus. Conclusion: Limb salvage surgery, via total calcanectomy and reconstruction using a proximal femur bone allograft, is one good option in treating GTC involving the whole calcaneus. Its main advantage is that the proximal femoral allograft could be fashioned and contoured to be similar in shape and dimensions to the native calcaneus.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Heck R Jr, Toy P. Benign/Aggressive Tumors of Bone. In: Editor Azar F, Beaty J, Terry Canale S. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics 13th edition. 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste. 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899: Elsevier; 2017. p.[923–925.]
  2. Czerniak B. Dorfman and Czerniak's Bone Tumors 2nd edition. 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste. 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899: Elsevier; 2016. p.[692–755.]
  3. Batheja D, Sehgal A, Prasad A, et al. Giant cell tumor of the calcaneus. Cureus 2020;12(3):e7467. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7467
  4. Park HJ, Kwon SY, Cho S, et al. Giant cell tumor with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst shows heterogeneous metabolic pattern on 18F-FDG PET/CT: a case report. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016;50(4):348–352. DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0423-z
  5. Kamal AF, Waryudi A, Effendi Z, et al. Management of aggressive giant cell tumor of calcaneal bone: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016;28:176–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.09.038
  6. Mavrogenis AF, Igoumenou VG, Megaloikonomos PD, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone revisited. SICOT J 2017;3:54. DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2017041
  7. van der Heijden L, Dijkstra S, van de Sande MAJ, et al. The clinical approach toward giant cell tumor of bone. Oncologist 2014;19(5):550–561. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0432
  8. Chakarun CJ, Forrester DM, Gottsegen CJ, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: review, mimics, and new developments in treatment. Radiographics 2013;33(1):197–211. DOI: 10.1148/rg.331125089
  9. Campanacci M, Baldini N, Boriani S, et al. Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69(1):106–114. PMID: 3805057.
  10. Gotecha D, Bhalerao N, Gadre N, et al. Giant cell tumor of the calcaneus: a case report. Int J Sci Study 2015;3(2). DOI: 10.17354/ijss/2015/249
  11. Yan L, Zong J, Chu J, et al. Primary tumours of the calcaneus (review) Oncology Letters 2018:8901–8914. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8487
  12. Gaston CL, Bhumbra R, Watanuki M, et al. Does the addition of cement improve the rate of local recurrence after curettage of giant cell tumours in bone? J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011;93(12):1665–1669. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B12.27663
  13. Prosser GH, Baloch KG, Tillman RM, et al. Does curettage without adjuvant therapy provide low recurrence rates in giant-cell tumors of bone? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005;(435):211–218. DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000160024.06739.ff
  14. Zhang RZ, Ma TX, Qi DW, et al. Short-term preoperative denosumab with surgery in unresectable or recurrent giant cell tumor of bone. Orthop Surg 2019;11(6):1101–1108. DOI: 10.1111/os.12561
  15. Scoccianti G, Totti F, Scorianz M, et al. Preoperative denosumab with curettage and cryotherapy in giant cell tumor of bone: Is there an increased risk of local recurrence? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018;476(9):1783–1790. DOI: 10.1007/s11999.0000000000000104
  16. Singh VA, Puri A. The current standing on the use of denosumab in giant cell tumour of the bone. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2020;28(3): 2309499020979750. DOI: 10.1177/2309499020979750
  17. Agarwal A, Larsen BT, Buadu LD, et al. Denosumab chemotherapy for recurrent giant-cell tumor of bone: a case report of neoadjuvant use enabling complete surgical resection. Case Rep Oncol Med 2013;2013:496351. DOI: 10.1155/2013/496351
  18. Muller DA, Beltrami G, Scoccianti G, et al. Risks and benefits of combining denosumab and surgery in giant cell tumor of bone—a case series. World J Surg Oncol 2016;14(1):281. DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1034-y
  19. Guedes A, Barreto B, Soares Barreto LG, et al. Calcaneal chondroblastoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg 2010;49(3):e295–e298. DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2010.02.002
  20. Ryu JJ, Kim W, Lee JS, et al. Combined autograft and bone cement for painful chondroblastoma: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg 2018;57(2):396–400. DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.08.019
  21. Sessions W, Siegel HJ, Thomas J, et al. Chondroblastoma with associated aneurysmal bone cyst of the cuboid. J Foot Ankle Surg 2005;44(1):64–67. DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2004.11.010
  22. Myerson MS, Neufeld SK, Uribe J. Fresh-frozen structural allografts in the foot and ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(1):113–120. DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.C.01735
  23. Biazzo A, Romantini M, De Paolis M, et al. Vascularized fibular autograft as salvage technique in failure of allograft intercalary reconstructions after tumor resections. Acta Orthop Belg 2018;84(1):38–46. PMID: 30457498.
  24. Arıkan M, Aktas E, Toğral G, et al. Chondroblastoma of the medial cuneiform bone in a 32-year-old woman. Am J Case Rep 2014;15:317–321. DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.890684
  25. Fraquet N, Faizon G, Rosset P, et al. Long bones giant cells tumors: treatment by curretage and cavity filling cementation. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2009;95(6):402–406. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2009.07.004
  26. Chen J, Jie K, Feng W, et al. Total calcanectomy and bilateral iliac bone autograft reconstruction for the treatment of calcaneal chondroblastoma involving a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst: a case report and literature review. J Foot Ankle Surg 2020;59(3):616–624. DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2019.10.001
  27. Li J, Pei G, Wang Z, et al. Composite biological reconstruction following total calcanectomy of primary calcaneal tumors. J Surg Oncol 2012;105(7):673–678. DOI: 10.1002/jso.23022
  28. Li J, Wang Z. Surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the calcaneus. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2014;104(1):71–76. DOI: 10.7547/0003-0538-104.1.71
  29. Li J, Guo Z, Pei GX, et al. Limb salvage surgery for calcaneal malignancy. J Surg Oncol 2010;102(1):48–53. DOI: 10.1002/jso.21564
  30. Ottolenghi CE, Petracchi LJ. Chondromyxosarcoma of the calcaneus; report of a case of total replacement of involved bone with a homogenous refrigerated calcaneus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1953; 35-A(1):211–214. DOI: 10.2106/00004623-195335010-00021
  31. Muscolo DL, Ayerza MA, Aponte-Tinao LA. Long-term results of allograft replacement after total calcanectomy. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;82(1):109–112. DOI: 10.2106/00004623-200001000-00014
  32. Scoccianti G, Campanacci DA, Innocenti M, et al. Total calcanectomy and reconstruction with vascularized iliac bone graft for osteoblastoma: a report of two cases. Foot Ankle Int 2009;30(7):716–720. DOI: 10.3113/fai.2009.2009.0716
  33. Kurvin LA, Volkering C, Kessler SB. Calcaneus replacement after total calcanectomy via vascularized pelvis bone. Foot Ankle Surg 2008;14(4):221–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2008.1403.004
  34. Imanishi J, Choong PF. Three-dimensional printed calcaneal prosthesis following total calcanectomy. Int J Surg Case Rep 2015;10:83–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.02.037
  35. Chou LB, Malawer MM. Osteosarcoma of the calcaneus treated with prosthetic replacement with twelve years of follow up: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 2007;28(7):841–844. DOI: 10.3113/FAI.2006.0841
  36. Degeorge B, Dagneaux L, Forget D, et al. Delayed reconstruction by total calcaneal allograft following calcanectomy: is it an option? Case Rep Orthop 2016;2016:4012180. DOI: 10.1155/2016/4012180
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.